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Pan-African Congress
The Pan-African Congress - following on from the first Pan-African Conference of 1900 in London - was a series of seven meetings, held in 1919 in Paris (1st Pan-African Congress), 1921 in London (2nd Pan-African Congress), 1923 in London (3rd Pan-African Congress), 1927 New York (4th Pan-African Congress), 1945 Manchester (5th Pan-African Congress), 1974 Dar es Salaam (6th Pan-African Congress),〔Sylvia Hill: ("From the Sixth Pan-African Congress to the Free South Africa Movement" ), in William Minter, Gail Hovey, and Charles Cobb Jr. (eds), ''No Easy Victories: African Liberation and American Activists over a Half Century, 1950-2000'', Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World Press, 2007.〕 and 1994 Kampala (7th Pan-African Congress),〔("Rebuilding The Pan African Movement, A Report on the 7th Pan African Congress" ), ''African Journal of Political Science''. New Series Vol. 1, No. I, June 1996.〕〔Karrim Essack, ("The 7th Pan-African Congress in Perspective" ), 11 May 1994. Global Pan African Movement, 10 October 2012.〕 that were intended to address the issues facing Africa as a result of European colonization of most of the continent.
The Pan-African Congress gained the reputation as a peace maker for decolonization in Africa and in the West Indies. It made significant advance for the Pan-African cause. One of the demands was to end colonial rule and end racial discrimination, against imperialism and it demanded human rights and equality of economic opportunity. The manifesto given by the Pan-African Congress included the political and economic demands of the Congress for a new world context of international cooperation.
== Background ==
Colonial powers in Africa wanted native Africans to wait patiently for limited political concessions and better career opportunities. Due to their exclusion from the negotiations of the Treaty of Versailles, black ex-servicemen and educated urban classes became disillusioned. Because colonialism had been built on the foundation of capitalism, socialist ideas of equality and global collaboration appealed to these budding revolutionaries.
A letter from Jamaican writer and socialist Claude McKay to Leon Trotsky in 1922 refers to the experience of black soldiers:
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